Shoulder surfing typically involves which type of crime?

Shoulder surfing is a method used to gather personal information, typically by observing someone while they are inputting sensitive data, such as PINs, passwords, or other personal identification numbers. This technique is often employed to facilitate identity theft, as the perpetrator can use the captured information to access the victim's accounts or impersonate them.

Identity theft can be particularly devastating, as it involves taking over someone else's personal identity for fraudulent purposes, which may include opening bank accounts, applying for loans, or making unauthorized purchases. The essence of shoulder surfing lies in its direct link to acquiring the information needed to commit such identity-related crimes.

The other options, while they do involve various forms of fraud and theft, do not specifically connect with the direct observational tactic employed in shoulder surfing. Financial fraud can encompass a broad range of deceptive practices, while spoofing generally refers to impersonating another entity online or through technological means. Dumpster diving involves rummaging through trash to find discarded documents or personal data, which is a different method altogether for obtaining sensitive information.